Workplace of a mechanic for mechanical assembly work. Organization of the workplace of a mechanic for mechanical assembly work. Labor protection requirements during work

§ 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE WORKPLACE OF THE ASSEMBLY FITTER.

The workplace of an assembler is a part of the production area of ​​a workshop or site with the necessary equipment, tools, fixtures, materials and supplies that a worker or team uses to complete a production task. During metalwork and assembly work, each mechanic's workplace is allocated an area of ​​6 to 10 m2 (depending on the size of the product being assembled).

The organization of the assembler's workplace means the correct arrangement of equipment, the most advantageous arrangement of tools and parts in the workplace, the systematic supply of parts and auxiliary materials, mechanization and equipping with special devices for the assembly process.

The main workplace of a fitter is Workbench or assembly table on conveyor(Fig. 1, a, b).

Rice. 1. Mechanical assembly mechanic's workplace:

a - a workbench with a mobile assembly table and a device for hanging power tools, b - the location of the tools on the workbench and in the box

Depending on the type of products being assembled, the workbench table is covered with durable sheet material (decorative plastic, linoleum, plywood, etc.). Wooden edges or metal squares are installed on the front and sides of the table top to prevent small parts and tools from falling from the workbench. Depending on the working conditions, workbenches can be single or multi-seat - for two or more workers. In multi-person benches, the distance between the vices should be 1200-1500 mm. The workbench must be durable and stable. Workbenches should be placed in such a way that the passages between them are at least 1.5 m. During conveyor assembly, workbenches should be placed near the conveyor so that the worker is between the conveyor and the workbench. The workplace at the workbench should be well lit. To work in the evening, the workplace is illuminated with an electric light bulb.

The following requirements apply to the workplace:

1. Only what is required to complete a given task should be present at the workplace.

2. Tools, parts and documentation should be located at arm's length; at the same time, objects that the worker uses more often are placed closer, and objects that he uses less often are further away.

3. Everything that is taken with the left hand should be located on the left, and everything that is taken with the right should be located on the right. Everything that is taken with both hands should be in front.

4. Tools and parts should be laid out in the strict sequence of their use, and not scattered or stacked on top of each other.

5. The drawers of the workbench should contain the most frequently used tools, fixtures and materials. All precision measuring instruments must be stored in cases.

6. Files, drills, taps and other cutting tools should be placed on wooden stands so that they are protected from damage.

7. Drawings, instructions, work orders and other documentation should be placed in a visible place for ease of use.

Before starting work, a fitter must familiarize himself with the task, work order, technological process and drawings, prepare the necessary tools, fixtures, materials and parts, having first checked their serviceability.

Assembly mechanic during work is obliged to fully use all working hours throughout the working day, without being distracted from work, and not to leave the workplace without the permission of the foreman, to use the tool only for its intended purpose and to protect it from damage and contamination; strictly follow safety regulations.

At the end of the work, the fitter must tidy up the workplace (equipment, workbench, machines, as well as the area adjacent to them), thoroughly clearing it of chips and debris; lubricate the working parts of the machines with a thin layer of machine oil; clean the tools and devices used during work from dirt and oil; thoroughly clean, wipe the measuring instrument and cover it with a thin layer of Vaseline or acid-free oil; lay out or arrange finished units and parts in designated areas;

spread the jaws of the vice, leaving a gap between them of 5-10 mm.

Workplace assembly fitter is part of the production area of ​​the workshop (site) with technological equipment, fixtures, tools and inventory necessary to perform assembly operations.

The layout of assemblers' workplaces is very diverse and depends on the nature of production, overall dimensions and weight of the products being assembled.

In single and small-scale production, the assembly fitter’s workplace is adapted for assembling a variety of products and is equipped with universal fixtures, equipment, and tools.

In group mechanized areas and workplaces, workplaces are specialized in a group of operations performed and are equipped with adjustable devices and stands.

On assembly production lines, workplaces are specialized according to the type of operation being performed and are equipped with special tools and devices.

The main equipment and technical equipment for assembler workplaces usually includes:

• 1) workbenches (Fig. 8.2) or work tables with a set of technological equipment for constant use (shski); workbenches are often single (1.4 x 0.8 m) or double (2.2-2.4 x 0.9 m); supplied with power supply and compressed air;
• 2) tables, stands, shelves, racks for storing parts, auxiliary materials, as well as assembled products; racks and stands are made in accordance with the requirements! with the design of a fly or assembly unit (for shafts, bushings, housings, etc.);
• 3) a set of metalworking cutting and measuring tools for post-sine use, universal and special equipment (presses, baths, drying cabinets), as well as devices, stands, tilters for performing the most common operations;

Rice. 8.3.

Figure 8.2.

• 4) a power tool that is constantly located at the workplace (electric drilling machine), as well as pendants and special devices for it;
• 5) local lifting and transport devices assigned to the workplace (lifts, hoists, trolleys, etc.);
• 6) load bars, swivel chairs. The area of ​​a workplace with a workbench is determined by the dimensions of the workbench and the space for the worker. With a single workbench it is equal to 3.4 m2 (Fig. 8.3). The double workbench has dimensions of 900 x 2400 mm.

Rice. 8.4.A - sequentially; 0 - in pairs; V- longitudinally

In conditions of single and small-scale production, the workplace is equipped for a team of assemblers (stationary). It includes, as an option (Fig. 8.5): I- two-pedestal metal workbench, 2 pcs.; 2 - stop, 2 pcs; 3 - table for technical documentation, 1 piece; 4 - two-section cabinet, 1 piece; 5 - trash can, 1 piece; 6 - lift-and-swivel chair, 2 pieces; 7 - tool plate, 1 piece; 8 - foot grate, 2 pcs; 9 - rack, 1 piece; 10- jib crane, 1 piece; 11- assembly table (stand), 4 pieces; 12 - Alita instrumental, 1 piece.

Rice. 8.5.

Of great importance container for placing parts (components). Medium-sized parts, weighing up to 5 kg, are arranged in rows on racks; large ones - on the floor or on low stands.

To protect parts from damage during their transportation to the assembly site, normal and special containers are used. Based on design and purpose, containers can be divided into three types.

The container for individually transported parts (frames, housings, crankcases) is a wooden platform with four legs, the height of which allows it to be lifted with a lift.

Containers intended for group transportation of parts that do not require individual insulation (small bolts, washers, nuts) are iron boxes measuring 313 x 195 x 80 or 190 x 293 x 110.

In single and small-scale production, control operations are performed at the same workplace as assembly and are included in assembly operations. In large-scale and mass production, it is necessary to provide special workplaces (stands) for carrying out co!ggrol after a group of operations. These places are supplied with special control and measuring instruments, instruments, and equipment.

At the workplace there must be working and control instruments necessary to perform a given operation. The placement of tools, workpieces and materials at the workplace requires: certain requirements:

At the workplace there should be only those tools, materials and workpieces that are necessary to perform this work;

Tools and materials that the worker often uses should be located closer to him (in Fig. 1.4, and these zones are located to the right and left of the worker and are indicated by arcs 1 with a radius of approximately 350 mm);

Tools and materials used less frequently should be located in areas marked by arcs 2 with a radius of approximately 500 mm;

Tools and materials used extremely rarely should be located in areas marked by arcs 3. Their reach is ensured only when the worker’s body is tilted.

Workplace maintenance rules

Due to the fact that the rational organization of the workplace and the correct placement of tools and materials during the work process play a significant role in ensuring its quality, the rules listed below should be observed.

Before starting work you must:

Check the serviceability of the workbench, vice, devices, individual lighting and mechanisms used in the work;

Read the instructions or technological map, drawing and technical requirements for the upcoming work;

Adjust the height of the vice according to your height;

Check the availability and condition of tools, materials, etc. blanks used in work;

Place on the workbench the tools, workpieces, materials and devices necessary for the work.

During work you must:

Have on the workbench only those tools and devices that are currently in use (everything else should be in the drawers of the workbench);

Return the used tool to its original place;

Maintain cleanliness and order in the workplace at all times.

Upon completion of work you must:

Clean the tools from shavings, wipe them, put them in cases and put them in the drawers of the workbench;

Clean the workbench table top and vice from shavings and dirt;

Remove unused materials and workpieces, as well as processed parts, from the workbench;

Turn off individual lighting.

Safety precautions

At the workplace there must be working and control instruments necessary to perform a given operation. The placement of tools, workpieces and materials at the workplace requires: certain requirements:

At the workplace there should be only those tools, materials and workpieces that are necessary to perform this work;

Tools and materials that the worker often uses should be located closer to him (in Fig. 1.4, and these zones are located to the right and left of the worker and are indicated by arcs 1 with a radius of approximately 350 mm);

Tools and materials used less frequently should be located in areas marked by arcs 2 with a radius of approximately 500 mm;

Tools and materials used extremely rarely should be located in areas marked by arcs 3. Their reach is ensured only when the worker’s body is tilted.

Workplace maintenance rules

Due to the fact that the rational organization of the workplace and the correct placement of tools and materials during the work process play a significant role in ensuring its quality, the rules listed below should be observed.

Before starting work you must:

Check the serviceability of the workbench, vice, devices, individual lighting and mechanisms used in the work;

Read the instructions or technological map, drawing and technical requirements for the upcoming work;

Adjust the height of the vice according to your height;

Check the availability and condition of tools, materials, etc. blanks used in work;

Place on the workbench the tools, workpieces, materials and devices necessary for the work.

During work you must:

Have on the workbench only those tools and devices that are currently in use (everything else should be in the drawers of the workbench);

Return the used tool to its original place;

Maintain cleanliness and order in the workplace at all times.

Upon completion of work you must:

Clean the tools from shavings, wipe them, put them in cases and put them in the drawers of the workbench;

Clean the workbench table top and vice from shavings and dirt;

Remove unused materials and workpieces, as well as processed parts, from the workbench;

Turn off individual lighting.

Safety precautions

Workplace It is customary to call a space intended for performing a specific job and assigned in production to a worker or group of workers. Moreover, one of the prerequisites for high-quality and productive performance of work is the presence of a well-organized workplace, where equipment, inventory, tools and materials are located in strict order.

The working area per mechanic must be at least 1.6 m2. The production culture largely depends on the placement within the workspace of working and measuring tools, as well as devices for storing tools: bedside tables, drawers, bags, cases, equipment, industrial furniture, devices that provide safe working conditions, etc.

The correct organization of the workspace of a fitter is a thoughtful and practical position of tools and necessary materials on the workbench, in which production tasks require minimal energy costs and time. A properly equipped workspace will always keep the necessary accessories and tools at hand.

The following main rules for organizing the workplace must be strictly observed:

• the workplace must be clean, within its boundaries there must be only those tools that are necessary to perform the actual production task;
• In most cases, workshop floors are cold and made of cement, so to equip the assembler's workplace, there must be a footrest. This will protect the worker from diseases;
• the tool that is used most often should be kept closer, and the tool used less often should be kept further;
• the tool must be placed on the workbench in a certain order: the tool that is used with the right hand (file, hammer, scraper) must be placed to the right of the vice, and the tool that is taken with the left hand (chisel, cross-cutter, center punch) must be held on the left;
• It is recommended to place an accurate control measuring tool on a special stand in the middle part of the workbench;
• drawings, technological maps and other documentation on which the work is performed must be placed on inclined stands.

Precision measuring instruments should be stored in special cases or boxes. Cutting tools with fine teeth should be stored on a wooden stand to protect them from premature wear.

After finishing work, all measuring instruments must be cleaned, wiped dry, and lubricated with a thin layer of machine oil and stored.

Tools should be within arm's reach horizontally and vertically. To begin with, within these limits are the tools that are required constantly. The horizontal reach zone is determined by a semi-arc with a radius of approximately 350 mm for each hand. The maximum zone is 550 mm without tilt and 650 mm at an angle of no more than 30°.

The main object of a mechanic's workplace is the workbench. The quality, productivity and technical safety depend on how rational, practical and thoughtful the workbench is made, on how the tools are placed on it. The normal dimensions of a workbench are usually considered to be height - 750-800 mm, width of the table top - 700-800 mm, length - 1200 mm, distance between the legs of the workbench - 1000-1200 mm. If several people work at one workbench, its length is increased accordingly.

The work place for metalwork can be equipped with workbenches of various types.

The workbench for car repair is a massive table. It must be very strong, stable, bulky enough and cannot move, wobble or sag. The cover of such a workbench is made of boards no more than 50 mm thick from hard wood and upholstered with tin or roofing iron. This prevents nicks.

To repair household appliances, workbench covers are covered with linoleum. Below the lid of the workbench, at least 2 drawers are installed for each mechanic, in which metalwork tools and drawings, fixtures and parts are stored - those in development.

In conclusion of our article, I would like to outline the important criteria by which the workplace of a fitter-assembler is assessed:

• cleanliness of the workplace;
• correct location of the employee’s tools;
• sufficient lighting of the workplace;
• compliance with safety regulations;
• availability of high-quality equipment to perform production tasks.