Golden age of artistic culture of ancient India presentation. Presentation on the topic of ancient Indian culture. Culture of Ancient India - echoes of ancient civilization

“The Art of India” - India - is located on the Hindustan Peninsula in southern Asia. Architecture. Art of India. Religion and Science. Architecture, sculpture, painting (presentation). The first mentions of India date back to the 3rd millennium BC. e. Religious doctrine - Buddhism. Conclusion. Introduction. Indian culture influenced the development of the entire world culture and science.

"Indian Culture" - The eminent Urdu poet Ghalib and the Bengali novelist Bankim Chatterjee made enormous contributions to Indian literature. Despite political oppression, national Indian culture continued to develop. Lovers "Maithuna" X-XIII centuries. Gandhi's teachings touched on all aspects of life, but its main emphasis was on socio-political issues.

“Music and Theater of India” - Musical Instruments. Another type of drum is the ghatam. Name the 2 greatest epics of India. What religions are common in India? For its delicate and rich timbre, the wine is called the queen of strings. Drums. Temple of Surya (Sun). The second resonator creates a surround sound effect. Stupa in Sanchi. Music and theater.

“Architecture of India” - The mausoleum is crowned with a double dome (internal and external), with a small spire. Gems and multi-colored marble were used in decoration. Jama Masjid Mosque. Qutub minar and mausoleum of Sultan Shams ad-din Iletmish in Delhi. The Tughlaqid dynasty gave a “warlike” style to architecture. The ornamentation of the internal surfaces of the Taj Mahal is striking in its elegance.

“Religion of India” - Moksha - liberation from the shackles of the earthly world. Brahmanism. Equality of all people before God. Sikhism. Vedic religion (? thousand BC) Brahmanism? Hinduism (1st millennium BC) (VI-V centuries BC) Jainism (VI century BC) Sikhism (XVI century). There is no division of society into varnas (castes). Presentation: Religions of India.

“Artistic culture of India” - Epic “Mahabharata” and “Ramayana”. Indian miniature is a sophisticated fusion of Indo-Muslim style. Which animal is sacred? Questions to ask: What important things are in the mortar? India. Geographical position. Traditional clothes. Hinduism as the core of Indian artistic culture. Cultural monuments (give a couple of examples).

There are 8 presentations in total

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Culture of Ancient India Prepared by art teacher of Donetsk secondary school No. 4 Yulia Vasilievna Yatsunenko

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India is one of the oldest centers of human civilization. Philosophy reached a very high level of development in ancient India. Indian philosophy is truly “living fruit” that continues to nourish the world’s human thought with its juices. The main value of ancient Indian philosophy lies in its appeal to the inner world of man; it opens up a world of possibilities for a moral personality, and this is probably where the secret of its attractiveness and vitality lies.

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A significant part of the primary sources on the history of ancient India has perished irretrievably. Many works of ancient Indian literature were written on birch bark or palm leaves and did not withstand the unfavorable conditions of a climate more humid than in Egypt (where such fragile material as papyrus could be preserved). On the other hand, fires, which could not destroy collections of clay books in Western Asia, turned out to be destructive for the archives of ancient India. Only those texts that were carved on stone survived in the original, and relatively few of them were discovered. Fortunately, Sanskrit, unlike most ancient Eastern languages, was never forgotten; the literary tradition was not interrupted for thousands of years. Those works that were considered valuable were systematically rewritten and came to us in later copies with additions and distortions.

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The largest in volume and richest in content are the poetic works: the Vedas (extensive collections of hymns, chants, magical spells and ritual formulas - Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda), Mahabharata (epic poem about the great war of the descendants of Bharata) and Ramayana (the tale of the deeds of Prince Rama).

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The first monument of the thought of the ancient Indians was the “VEDAS”, literally meaning “knowledge, knowledge” when translated from Sanskrit. The VEDAS, having emerged between the second and first millennium BC, played a huge, decisive role in the development of the spiritual culture of ancient Indian society, including the development of philosophical thought. The VEDAS consist of hymns, prayers, spells, chants, sacrificial formulas, and so on. They are the first to attempt a philosophical interpretation of the human environment. Although they contain a semi-superstitious, semi-mythical, semi-religious explanation of the world around man, nevertheless, they are considered as philosophical, or rather pre-philosophical, pre-philosophical sources.

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The thousand-year-old cultural tradition of India has developed in close connection with the development of the religious ideas of its people. The religious and mythological ideas of the tribes of the Vedic era can be judged from the monuments of that period - the Vedas, which contain rich material on mythology, religion, and ritual. Vedic hymns were and are considered sacred texts in India; they were passed down orally from generation to generation and carefully preserved. The set of these beliefs is called Vedism. Vedism was not a pan-Indian religion, but flourished only in Eastern Punjab and Uttar Prodesh, which were inhabited by a group of Indo-Aryan tribes. It was she who was the creator of the Rigveda and other Vedic collections (samhita).

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In Hinduism, the main religious movement, the creator god comes to the fore and a strict hierarchy of gods is established. The Trimurti (trinity) of the gods Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu appears.

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Brahma is the ruler and creator of the world, he was responsible for the establishment of social laws (dharmas) on earth, the division into varnas; he is the punisher of infidels and sinners. Vishnu is the guardian god of the world order. Shiv is the destroyer god.

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Much later Buddhism developed in India. The creator of this teaching, Sidgartha Shanyamuni, was born in 563 in Lumbina into a Kshatriya family. By the age of 40, he achieved enlightenment and began to be called Buddha. It is impossible to tell more precisely about the time of the appearance of his teachings, but the fact that Buddha is a real historical person is a fact.

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Buddhism did not recognize the existence of a creator god, on whom everything in the world depends, including human life. The cause of all man's earthly suffering lies in his personal blindness; inability to give up worldly desires. Only by extinguishing all reactions to the world, by destroying one’s own “I,” can nirvana be achieved.

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Artistic and imaginative perception through the prism of the named religious and philosophical systems is marked by the sophistication of the image of man and the surrounding world, the perfection of architectural forms. The frescoes of the Ajanta caves and the Kailasa rock temples are impressive. Over the course of 150 years, ancient craftsmen carved this temple into the rock.

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Another characteristic feature of old Indian culture is the expression in artistic images of the idea of ​​worshiping the god of love - Kama. This meaning was based on the fact that the Indians considered the marriage of a god and goddess as a process of cosmic creation. Therefore, images of the divine couple in a tight embrace are common in temples.

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The first monuments of architecture and fine art of Ancient India date back to the era of the Harappan civilization, but the most striking examples were created in the Kushana-Gupta era. Monuments of both religious and secular nature were distinguished by high artistic merit. In ancient times, most structures were built from wood, and therefore were not preserved. The palace of King Chandragupta was built of wood and only the remains of stone columns have survived to this day.

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In the first centuries of our era, stone began to be widely used in construction. Religious architecture of this period is represented by cave complexes, temples and stupas (stone structures in which relics of Buddha were kept). Masterpieces of Indian architecture also include the Hindu temple in Sanchi and the Buddhist stupa located there.

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Thus, the history of Indian art is divided into periods:
1) era of existence ( period from mid-3rd to mid-1st millennium BC);
2) era of Ants ( period from 322 to 185 BC);
3) era of Kushans and Shungs ( period from 2nd century. BC to 3rd century. ad);
4) Gupta era ( period from 4th century. to 6th century ad).

Culture of Ancient India - echoes of ancient civilization

On the territory of India, a highly developed civilization that existed in ancient times began to be called Harappan, since the main excavation site was located in the settlements of Harappa, as well as Mohenjo-Daro ( now the territory of Pakistan). Ruins of cities dating back to the Bronze Age were discovered here ( period 2500 - 1500 BC). These cities were characterized by a strict street layout, a developed water supply system, public buildings and palaces.

In addition, among the finds there are a large number of figurines depicting dancers, the goddess of fertility, and priests, made using the bronze casting technique. Jewelry and seals decorated with images of animals were also discovered. The ceramic items found were also lavishly ornamented.

However, by the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, culture of ancient India perishes as a result of the invasion of tribes belonging to the Iranian branch and who are carriers of another culture - Vedic.

Thus immersing students in the topic of the lesson , the teacher continues the lesson by presenting information about the worldview of Hindus. The main concept of this section is Hinduism , which became a kind of fusion of traditions, beliefs and norms of behavior of the peoples and tribes of Ancient India.

Culture of Ancient India - worldview and religion

The main idea of ​​such a worldview is faith in a certain Absolute, part of which is the universe, which is in an ongoing cycle of death and new rebirth. Belief in endless rebirth is based on laws karma , and norms of caste behavior are prescribed drachma . Hinduism, which was the religion of the inhabitants of Ancient India, remains the religion of the majority of the country's population today.

The worship of numerous gods is gradually being replaced in Hinduism by the promotion of three main gods, forming an inextricable unity. The first of them is the god Brahma, considered the ruler and creator of the world, who gave laws to people. The other is the god Vishnu, who saves people from disasters of various kinds. And the third is the god Shiva, who is a formidable carrier of the cosmic, creative and destructive.

At the next stage of the lesson, the teacher talks about the main idea of ​​the Hindu cult, the essence of which was the idea of ​​a cosmic giant who sacrificed his body for the sake of the emergence of the universe and castes.

It is difficult to find a more exotic country than India. Hundreds of religions and beliefs coexisted in one territory; philosophical movements are difficult to list in a few lines. The land of the sages, as Europeans call it, is permeated with complex threads of diverse spiritual practices and the bright decor of worldly life.

Indian design of buildings and premises is a splendor of colors and a riot of ornaments. Every corner of the country is decorated with ornamental patterns. They can be found on park fences, in folk costumes of black-braided beauties, and on dishes. Indian cuisine is full of sweets, fragrant and spicy spices. The love for music and dance can be observed in every Indian cinema.

You can talk about the culture of Ancient India for a long time, but it is better to see everything with your own eyes, for example, in a presentation. On this page you can download a presentation about ancient Indian culture, and on other pages you will find presentations on the following topics:

When making your own presentation about the culture of Ancient India, you can use the following plan:

Ancient India is a period in the history of this country, which dates back to primitive times (Neolithic and Bronze Ages) and includes several civilizational stages:

Vedic;

Buddhist;

Classical.

Chronology

Mid-3rd millennium BC - VI century AD

Ancient Indian culture is unique and original:

It has a religious and philosophical basis.

All those peoples who at different times conquered and inhabited the country took part in its formation.

Since India is the birthplace of several religions, its culture has absorbed each of them.

Appeal to the Universe, the higher mind, the cosmos.

Understanding of man as a cosmos and the desire for his moral self-improvement.

Poetry, danceability and musicality.

Indus period

This is the period of the mysterious cultural and civilizational formations of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It is characterized by the presence of developed cities that had running water, writing, small plastic art in the form of figurines and small household items. Little is known about this civilization.

Vedic period

It begins with the arrival of the Aryans. They compiled the Vedas - the main cultural achievement of this era. They became the basis for the emergence of 3 religious traditions:

Brahmanism;

Hinduism.

Each of them is reflected in art.

Buddhist period

Begins in the 7th century BC. with the emergence of Buddhism, the founder of which was Prince Gautama.

At the same time, Jainism arose, which is a teaching close to Buddhism.

Architecture

The Indians made their earliest buildings from wood. They have not survived. The ancient Indian structures that have reached us date back no earlier than the 3rd century BC, when they began to build from stone. Since they belong to the Buddhist era, these are cave temples, stupas and stambhas.

Examples: Buddhist monastery in Sanchi, stupa in Lanka.

Sculpture and painting

Indus period - pillars topped with lions and decorated with Ashoka's inscriptions.

Later, local sculpture schools appeared. The most famous are Gandhara and Mathura. Terracotta figurines of bodhisattvas.

Painting of Ajanta - a cave Buddhist temple and monastery complex.

Philosophy

It is of a religious nature and has world-historical significance. Key ideas:

Atomistic doctrine of Vainishik;

The concept of universal relativity;

Refusal of earthly attachments and passions, asceticism;

The triumph of the spiritual principle in man, yoga;

An endless circle of rebirths and the achievement of nirvana.

Literature

The Vedas, Mahabharata and Ramayana are the main monuments of religious and philosophical literature.

Lyric poetry, prose and fables developed. Arthashastra. Upanishads.

Achievements:

In the 5th century, i.e. At the turn of antiquity and the Middle Ages, a hypothesis was put forward about the structure of the universe: the Earth rotates around its own axis and the Sun.

Introduction of zero into the number series and the positional system of numbers, which are commonly called Arabic.

Theater, music and dance

They are fused together and represent a synthetic art, the canon of which is set out in the treatise Natyashastra.