Biography of Anatoly Chubais. Where is Anatoly Chubais now: latest news Was Chubais Yeltsin’s son-in-law
In the city of Borisov in Belarus in a military family.
In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after. Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI), in 2002 - Faculty of Advanced Training of Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the direction of "Problems of Modern Energy".
From 1977 to 1982, Anatoly Chubais worked as an engineer, then as an assistant at the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute.
In 1982-1990 - Associate Professor at LIEI.
In 1983 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”
In 1984-1987, Chubais led an informal circle of “young economists,” which was created by a group of graduates of the city’s economic universities. In 1987, he became one of the founders of the political club "Perestroika", whose goal was "to promote democratic values among the broad masses of the intelligentsia."
In 1990, Anatoly Chubais was appointed deputy, then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, and was the chief economic adviser to the mayor of Leningrad, Anatoly Sobchak.
Since November 1991 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management, Minister of the Russian Federation.
Since June 1992, Chubais was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government for Economic and Financial Policy. In 1992, the State Property Committee, under the leadership of Chubais, developed a privatization program and carried out its technical preparation.
In June 1993, Chubais took part in the creation of the election bloc "Russia's Choice".
In December 1993, he was elected to the State Duma from the electoral association "Russia's Choice".
In November 1994 - January 1996, Anatoly Chubais was First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for economic and financial policy.
From April 1995 to February 1996, he was a manager for the Russian Federation in international financial organizations.
In February 1996, Chubais created the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of Boris Yeltsin’s election headquarters began to work.
From March 1997 to March 1998 - First Deputy Prime Minister and at the same time in March - November 1997 - Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.
Euromoney magazine recognized Chubais as the best finance minister of 1997.
Since April 1997, he was appointed manager from the Russian Federation at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
From May 1997 to May 1998 he was a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
On April 4, 1998, at an extraordinary meeting of shareholders of RAO UES of Russia, he was elected to the company's Board of Directors.
June-August 1998 - Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for relations with international financial organizations.
In December 1998, Chubais joined the Just Cause coalition and was elected to the coordination committee of the coalition's organizing committee. From May 20, 2000 - co-chairman of the Coordination Council of the All-Russian political organization "Union of Right Forces" (SPS), from May 26, 2001 - co-chairman of the federal political council of the Union of Right Forces party, on January 24, 2004, resigned from the post of co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces, was elected to the federal political party council.
Since July 2000, Anatoly Chubais became president of the CIS Electric Power Council; re-elected to this post in 2001-2007.
On September 22, 2008, by presidential decree, Anatoly Chubais was appointed general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation.
Anatoly Chubais - Acting State Advisor 1st class (1996), member of the board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (employers), co-chairman of the permanent Round Table of Industrialists of Russia and the EU (since 1998), member of the international supervisory board of J. P. Morgan Chase bank (since 2008 ), honorary doctor of the St. Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics.
Chubais Anatoly Borisovich- Soviet and Russian political and economic figure, economist. General Director of the state corporation "Russian Nanotechnology Corporation" (since 2008). Since 2011, Chairman of the Board of JSC Rusnano. Since November 1991, with short breaks, he has held various key positions in the Russian state and state companies. One of the ideologists and leaders of economic reforms in Russia in the 1990s and the reform of the Russian electric power system in the 2000s.
Biography
Chubais Anatoly Borisovich, born June 16, 1955, native of Borisov, Minsk Region, Belarusian SSR.
Relatives. Brother: Igor Borisovich Chubais, born April 26, 1947, sociologist, public figure. Author of a number of journalistic works. Currently he is in opposition to the current leadership of the country and its course. The brothers do not maintain relationships with each other.
Wife (former): Chubais (maiden name Grigorieva) Lyudmila Ivanovna, born March 30, 1955, is engaged in the restaurant business in St. Petersburg. Chubais maintains friendly relations with her and continues to support her.
Wife (former): Vishnevskaya Maria Davydovna, born 09/02/1953, trained as an economist, like Chubais, graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute. Recently she has been involved in charitable activities. She suffers from diseases of the nervous system, which, in many ways, was the reason for her divorce from Chubais.
Wife: Avdotya Andreevna Smirnova, born June 29, 1969, film critic, TV presenter, author of a number of art criticism essays. One of the first art managers in Russia. Known as the presenter, together with Tatyana Tolstaya, of the program “School of Scandal” on the NTV channel. She was previously known for her extremely shocking lifestyle.
Son: Alexey Anatolyevich Chubais, born April 14, 1980, economist by education. Previously, he led a very wild lifestyle. Subsequently, he began organizing test drives. He regularly participated in the Expedition Trophy auto racing.
Daughter: Olga Anatolyevna Chubais, born on August 3, 1983, an economist by education. Currently, he permanently resides in St. Petersburg and works in a representative office of one of the foreign companies.
State. Anti-corruption declaration 2013 Income RUB 207,312,094.18 Spouse: RUB 5,212,066.41 Real estate Apartment, 175.8 sq. m Other real estate, 15.3 sq. m Other real estate, 15.3 sq. m Spouse: Apartment, 85.7 sq. m, shared ownership 0.5 Spouse: Apartment, 95.3 sq. m Spouse: Apartment, 124.2 sq. m Vehicles Passenger car, BMW X5 Other, Snowmobile YAMAHA SXV70VT.
Awards. Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (June 16, 2010) - for great contribution to the implementation of state policy in the field of nanotechnology and many years of conscientious work. Certificate of Honor from the President of the Russian Federation (December 12, 2008) - for active participation in the preparation of the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation and great contribution to the development of the democratic foundations of the Russian Federation. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (August 14, 1995) - for active participation in the preparation and holding of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (March 11, 1997) - for active participation in the preparation of the 1997 Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (June 5, 1998) - for conscientious work and consistent implementation of the course of economic reforms. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (December 29, 2006) - for services in preparing and holding the meeting of heads of state and government of the G8 member countries in St. Petersburg. Medal "For Services to the Chechen Republic". Medal “For Special Contribution to the Development of Kuzbass”, 1st degree. Title “The person who made the greatest contribution to the development of the Russian stock market” from NAUFOR (1999). Honorary diploma of the International Union of Economists “International Recognition” “for his great contribution to the development of Russia based on the application of advanced international experience in the introduction of modern methods of organizing management, economics, finance and production processes” (2001).
Hobbies. Chubais is interested in water tourism, alpine skiing, expeditions and extreme travel. Loves the music of the Beatles, Time Machines, original songs, in particular B. Okudzhava and V. Vysotsky. He was friends with B. Okudzhava, who dedicated his last poem to him, and M. Rostropovich.
Education
- In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI) with a degree in economics and organization of mechanical engineering production.
- In 1983 he defended his PhD thesis in economics on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”
- In 2002, he graduated from the Faculty of Advanced Training of Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the field of “Problems of Modern Energy”. Final work on the topic: “Prospects for the development of hydropower in Russia.”
Labor activity
- After graduating from university, he studied in graduate school, then taught there. At the same time, he was one of the founders and activist of the Leningrad club “Perestroika” and the leader of an informal circle of young economists.
- In 1989 he was elected to the Leningrad City Council, and in 1990 he became deputy chairman of the Leningrad City Executive Committee and chief economic adviser to Mayor A. A. Sobchak.
- In 1991, Chubais A.B. was appointed chairman of the Russian State Committee for State Property Management with the rank of minister. He held this post until 1994. Under his leadership, a privatization program was developed and implemented. At the same time, he was repeatedly appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
- In 1993, he was elected to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on the list of the Russia's Choice party.
- In 1994 he became the first Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, in charge of economic and financial policy issues.
- In 1996, he was dismissed from his post by President B. N. Yeltsin after the defeat of the pro-government electoral association “Our Home is Russia” in the elections to the State Duma.
- In 1996, he headed Yeltsin’s election headquarters, then was appointed head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
- In 1997, he again became First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. For some time he also served as Minister of Finance. Ex officio, he was a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
- In 1998, he headed RAO UES of Russia.
- In 2008, he was appointed general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation state corporation.
- In 2011, after the corporatization of this structure, he became the general director of Rusnano OJSC.
Connections/Partners
Glazkov Grigory Yurievich, born October 24, 1953, independent member of the supervisory board of VTB OJSC. He lived in the West for a long time. A close friend of Chubais, with whom the latter continues to maintain close contacts.
Glazyev Sergey Yurievich, born 01/01/1961, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation on regional economic integration. In the 1990s he was part of the so-called group. young reformers and held positions in the Government of the Russian Federation. At that time he was part of Chubais’s inner circle, but they soon disagreed on the issue of privatization in Russia. Currently they are irreconcilable opponents.
Illarionov Andrey Nikolaevich, born September 16, 1961, former adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, is now in the opposition. I have known Chubais since the mid-1980s. In the 1990s, he was considered “Chubais’ right hand.” After Illarionov refused the post of Putin’s adviser and went into opposition, their contacts with Chubais were curtailed.
Kudrin Alexey Leonidovich, born October 12, 1960, chief researcher at the Institute of Economic Policy named after. E. T. Gaidar, former Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation. We have known Chubais since the mid-1980s, when we were members of liberal economic circles together. They worked together in the Leningrad City Council under Sobchak. After Chubais moved to Moscow, they maintained contacts. It was Kudrin who recommended Vladimir Putin to Chubais to work in the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
Luzhkov Yuri Mikhailovich, born September 21, 1936, former mayor of Moscow. Chubais's hardware opponent. He opposed loans-for-shares auctions of Moscow enterprises. According to some reports, it was Luzhkov, speaking as a united front with oligarchs Vladimir Gusinsky and Boris Berezovsky, who achieved the dismissal of Chubais from the post of Deputy Prime Minister in 1995.
Yarmagaev Yuri Vladimirovich, born on August 16, 1953, mathematician, previously held various positions in the administration of St. Petersburg. A close friend of Chubais, considered one of his most trusted persons.
Yumasheva Tatyana Borisovna, born January 17, 1960, former adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, daughter of Boris Yeltsin. It was on her initiative that Chubais first became the head of Yeltsin’s election headquarters, and then the head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. According to some reports, at one time they were in a love affair.
To information
Once, during work at a vegetable warehouse, traditional for the Soviet scientific and pseudo-scientific intelligentsia, Anatoly Borisovich met like-minded people: a mathematician Yuri Yarmagaev and economist Grigory Glazkov, with whom he created an economic circle. Soon this circle grew, graduates of leading Moscow and Leningrad universities began to join it - Yegor Gaidar, Peter Aven, Sergey Glazyev. In 1985, a seminar was held in one of the apartments on the samizdat work of the young academician Vitaly Naishul, who promoted the idea of people's voucher privatization. At the same time, Chubais and Gaidar, who participated in the discussion, sharply criticized this idea.
In August 1986, another seminar was held at the LIEI boarding house near Sestroretsk called “Snake Hill”, at which the Leningrad circle of Chubais teamed up with the Moscow group of Gaidar economists. As a result, all this resulted in a whole movement for democracy with the loud name “Perestroika” at that time.
Meanwhile, the same perestroika, in honor of which the newly-minted movement was named, coupled with acceleration and glasnost, was sweeping across the country by leaps and bounds. To implement her ideas, fresh forces were required, which were drawn from among economists from closed circles. Anatoly Borisovich also turned out to be in demand, in 1990 he first became a deputy of the Leningrad City Council, and then deputy of its “democratic” chairman Anatoly Sobchak, who soon became the mayor of the city.
Chubais was listed as an economic adviser to Sobchak and was involved in the creation of a free economic zone in Leningrad, the idea of which he then actively promoted. Anatoly Alexandrovich himself spoke of Anatoly Borisovich as a young man “who doesn’t have much knowledge, but has a great desire to change everything.”
Shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Gaidar became Deputy Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR for economic policy. Thus, the burden of economic reforms fell on Yegor Timurovich’s shoulders, which he clearly could not bear alone. Therefore, he called his old friends from economic circles to help. He also lured Chubais to Moscow, promising him the position of responsible for privatization. So Anatoly Borisovich became the chairman of the Russian State Committee for State Property Management with the rank of minister.
Under the leadership of Chubais, the development of a privatization program began. Or rather, the program itself was developed by American advisers, and Anatoly Borisovich only submitted it to the then President of the Russian Federation for approval Boris Yeltsin. To implement the state privatization program, Chubais created the “Department of Technical Assistance and Expertise,” which consisted almost exclusively of American advisers, and was led by career CIA officer Jonathan Hay. Employees of this department completely bought up military-industrial complex enterprises, including design bureaus engaged in top secret developments. At the same time, Hay himself profited from shares of the Moscow Electrode Plant and the Graphite Research Institute, which operated in cooperation with it, which were the only developers in the country of graphite coating for stealth aircraft. By the way, Hay was subsequently convicted in the United States for using his Russian positions for personal enrichment and wasting American taxpayers' money.
This is the team that dealt with privatization in Russia. The main task of this process was to corporatize enterprises. At the same time, shares at the first stage were to be sold for vouchers. At that time, the country's entire property was valued at 1.4 trillion rubles, and vouchers were issued for this amount. Citizens had to purchase a voucher, pay 25 rubles for it and exchange it for shares of a particular enterprise, while benefits were provided to employees of privatized enterprises.
Even the Supreme Council, including the communists, voted for privatization, but with only one amendment - the vouchers had to be personal. However, Chubais, relying on the opinion of the same American experts, at the last moment decided to depersonalize the vouchers. Anatoly Borisovich saw his main goal not as a fair distribution of the people’s wealth, but as the final victory of “the new over the old.”
Due to the fact that the vouchers were not assigned to certain citizens, enterprise directors could only stop paying salaries to their employees and, putting them in a difficult situation, begin to buy vouchers for next to nothing. Thus, a new oligarchic elite was formed, loyal to the new government and ready by all means to prevent the return of the Soviet past. Chubais himself later said that without the newly minted oligarchs, victory in the 1996 elections would have been impossible.
At the same time, the young reformer promised the population that subsequently the cost of one voucher would be equal to the cost of two Volga cars. There is one high-profile story connected with this statement by Anatoly Borisovich. A resident of the village of Energetik, Vladimir Region, Vladimir Kuvshinov, sent a letter to Chubais asking where he could exchange a voucher for two Volgas. The main privatizer then advised to give the voucher to the State Property Committee in exchange for part of the shares of the Scientific Institute of Light Alloys. Kuvshinov did so, but never received any shares. Seven years later, in 2000, he sued Anatoly Borisovich and even won the case, but never received the money, since the statute of limitations for filing a lawsuit had already expired by that time. The reformer himself openly said that he made all these promises only so that privatization would not fail due to the lack of interest of citizens.
When voucher privatization was completed, a new stage began literally immediately, which consisted of selling shares for money. At this stage, Chubais had serious friction with the regional authorities, who themselves wanted to gain control over former state property in their regions. And the mayor of Moscow turned out to be the most unyielding Yuri Luzhkov, whose side Yeltsin eventually sided with, so Chubais had to back down.
By 1997, the privatization process was generally completed; 130 thousand enterprises in Russia were transferred into private hands. At the same time, all large enterprises were concentrated in the hands of a narrow group of individuals, the so-called oligarchs. At the same time, the system of production chains that had been developed in the Soviet Union for decades was disrupted. As a consequence, the country's production levels fell and foreign investment declined.
Later, Nobel laureate in economics Jeffrey Sachs called Russian privatization “a malicious, premeditated, well-thought-out action” that was carried out with the aim of “a large-scale redistribution of wealth in the interests of a narrow circle of people.” But the people already realized in the mid-1990s that they had simply been deceived. Thus, already at the end of 1994, polls showed that 90% of Russians considered the privatization process dishonest and demanded a review of its results. The reform was also criticized by liberal economists for the fact that as a result, a class of small and medium-sized businesses was not formed. And in 2004 he even managed to kick Chubais Mikhail Khodorkovsky, a clear beneficiary of his reform.
Loans-for-shares auctions played a crucial role at the stage of cash privatization. After all, the 1996 presidential elections were approaching, which meant that new injections into the dwindling treasury were necessary. In this regard, Anatoly Borisovich held loans-for-shares auctions, when the budget began to be replenished through bank loans, for which state-owned shares of various enterprises were used as collateral. As a result, when the loan was not repaid, the shares remained with the lender or were sold to them on a competitive basis. As a result, the budget was replenished by a billion dollars, with a significant part of this money going to Yeltsin’s election campaign.
And before the presidential election campaign, parliamentary elections were held, in which the pro-government party “Our Home is Russia” gained only 10%. Yeltsin blamed Anatoly Borisovich for the failure, dismissing him from the post of Deputy Prime Minister. It was then that the famous phrase uttered in the program “Dolls” appeared: “Chubais is to blame for everything.”
But, not having time to leave the cabinet of ministers, Anatoly Borisovich headed Yeltsin’s election headquarters instead Oleg Soskovets. Chubais immediately jumped into action, creating the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of the election headquarters began work. Once again, foreign PR people played a significant role. Chubais also launched an unprecedented election campaign with the money of the oligarchs with the slogan “Vote or lose.”
Thanks to the efforts of his headquarters, Yeltsin, together with Gennady Zyuganov advanced to the second round. Anatoly Borisovich managed to persuade the third-place candidate, a popular general Alexandra Lebed, call on your supporters to support the candidacy of the current President in exchange for a government post. And then, like a bolt from the blue, comes the news of the arrest of employees of Yeltsin’s election headquarters during the removal from the Government House of cash in the amount of 538 thousand dollars Sergei Lisovsky And Arkadia Evstafieva.
The initiators of the detention were Oleg Soskovets together with the head of the Federal Security Service Alexander Korzhakov and director of the FSB Mikhail Barsukov. They were unhappy that Chubais pulled the blanket over himself with the help of elections, since they themselves planned to bring Yeltsin to a third term by introducing a state of emergency in the country. As a result, the trio themselves were dismissed, Yeltsin won the elections, and Anatoly Borisovich became the head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1997, Chubais became involved in the so-called writer’s case, when five reformers, including Anatoly Borisovich himself, received $90 thousand for the not yet written book “The History of Russian Privatization.” In connection with this case, the newly-minted “writer” was removed from the post of Minister of Finance, which he held at that time, but retained the position of First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. This plot arose as a result of the confrontation between Chubais and the oligarchs Vladimir Gusinsky And Boris Berezovsky, which arose due to the latter’s dissatisfaction with the results of the privatization campaign of Svyazinvest.
Shortly before the “Black August” of 1998, Anatoly Borisovich, feeling the approach of a financial catastrophe, and, most likely, having accurate information about it, left the Government of the Russian Federation and headed the UES of Russia. What is noteworthy is that his candidacy for this post was nominated by foreign investors, and only five Western investors were shareholders of RAO UES, the remaining twelve did not have any right to make decisions.
Immediately, the new head of RAO UES began to reform the electric power industry. And naturally, the template for Chubais was the Western power industry reform program PURPA, the same one that in 2000 led to the energy collapse of the state of California.
Chubais also actively fought against defaulters, of whom there were quite a lot by that time. At the same time, he did not hesitate to give instructions about turning off electricity at military facilities, and at enterprises of the military-industrial complex, and in children's institutions. And the restructuring of RAO UES itself was carried out primarily in the interests of the company’s management and the oligarchic structures affiliated with it.
Anatoly Borisovich did not forget about politics. Back in 1998, he joined the organizing committee of the Just Cause coalition. And already in 2000, the all-Russian political organization “Union of Right Forces” was created, where he was elected co-chairman of the coordination council. Chubais zealously positioned himself as an extreme market liberal, and even allowed himself to hatefully criticize Dostoevsky for his “false choice of the exclusive path of the Russian people.” He also stated that every university should have subsidiaries, since “a teacher who has failed to create a business cannot be a professional.”
Such statements did not add to the people's love for Anatoly Borisovich, which, admittedly, he could never boast of. In 2005, there was an attempt on the life of Chubais, who was driving an official car from his country house in the Odintsovo district towards Moscow. A bomb was detonated on his way. Representatives of the SPS immediately rushed to call this attempt political. Operatives detained three people - a retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and former military personnel of the 45th separate reconnaissance regiment of the Airborne Forces Alexandra Naydenova And Robert Yashin. Subsequently, the court acquitted these three twice. Kvachkov, however, ultimately sat down, but formally for a completely different reason. Evil tongues say that the vindictive Anatoly Borisovich had a hand in his imprisonment.
Also in 2005, a major power grid failure occurred in Moscow, as a result of which the power supply to a number of areas was cut off for several hours. Leaders of several political parties demanded Chubais' resignation. In their opinion, the accident became possible due to the incompetence and unprofessionalism of the corporation’s managers, as well as due to the use of power grids for political purposes and manipulation of tariffs. Although everything worked out well for Anatoly Borisovich, for him this accident became a kind of calling card.
On July 1, 2008, RAO UES was split into several companies. Chubais was pleased with the results of the industry reform. And already in 2009, a major accident occurred at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. The Rostekhnadzor Commission named the former head of RAO UES among those responsible for the accident. In particular, he was accused of approving the act of the Central Commission on the acceptance into operation of the Sayano-Shushensky hydropower complex, while in reality a proper assessment of the safety status of the complex was not made.
But again, Chubais did not suffer any punishment. By that time, he had found a new feeding trough for himself, becoming the general director of the state-owned Russian Nanotechnology Corporation. His results in this field are also far from brilliant. So in 2015, the Accounts Chamber revealed a lot of shortcomings in the work of the state corporation, and its head himself said that the company had poor control over its own expenses.
In turn, a well-known political activist and blogger Alexey Navalny accuses Chubais of receiving 30-50 billion rubles annually and demanding additional injections, while the company has done nothing over the years. But what upset Anatoly Borisovich most of all was not these accusations, but the fact that the famous oppositionist allowed himself to doubt Chubais’s belonging to the liberal camp.
Anatoly Chubais is a famous Russian political and statesman. First of all, he is known as an economist. Currently he is the General Director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation, and since 2011 he has headed the board of the open joint-stock company Rusnano. Since 1991, with minor interruptions, he has held key positions in Russian politics and major state-owned companies. He is considered one of the key ideologists of the economic reforms that were carried out by Boris Yeltsin’s team shortly after he came to power. His name is also associated with global reforms in the domestic energy sector, implemented in the 2000s. There is a lot of controversy about the nationality and real name of Anatoly Borisovich Chubais. In this article we will talk in detail about his family and the main stages of his biography.
Family politics
Anatoly Chubais was born in 1955 in the city of Borisov, located on the territory of modern Belarus. His father was a soldier, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, a colonel. After retiring from the military, he taught the philosophy of Marxism and Leninism at the Leningrad Mining Institute. The mother of the hero of our article was called Raisa Khamovna. Segal is her real name. Anatoly Chubais theoretically could have taken it, but preferred his father's surname.
The mother of the hero of our article was Jewish by nationality and an economist by training; she devoted her entire life to raising children. So the nationality of Anatoly Borisovich Chubais is Jewish. Many are interested in the details of his biography, especially when he began to occupy key positions in the country. Therefore, let us immediately clarify: Chubais is the real name of Anatoly Borisovich.
He became the second child in the family. Anatoly Borisovich has an older brother, Igor, who is a Doctor of Philosophy.
Choosing a path
Since childhood, Chubais regularly moved from place to place, since his father was a military man, his duty stations were constantly changing. The Soviet army officer also introduced strict rules within the family, not giving his sons any extra reason to relax.
As a child, Anatoly Chubais often witnessed heated debates between his father and older brother, dedicated to philosophy and modern politics. Apparently, this played a certain role in choosing his future profession; he showed interest in the processes taking place in society from an early age. However, deciding on his future, he made a choice in favor of economic education. Most likely, because even at school he was especially good at the exact sciences.
Now you know the nationality of Anatoly Chubais, the features of his origin. He maintained close relationships with his family throughout his life. For Anatoly Borisovich Chubais, his real surname has always been of great importance; he never planned to give it up.
Education
Chubais began receiving his secondary education in Odessa; his father was serving there when the future politician had to go to school. Then he transferred to Lvov, and went to fifth grade in Leningrad. In the Northern capital, he was sent to a school with military-political education, which he hated and even wanted to dismantle into bricks, which he admitted when he became an adult.
In 1972, Anatoly Borisovich Chubais entered the mechanical engineering department of the Engineering and Economic Institute in Leningrad. He graduated from the university in 1977 with honors, and six years later he defended his dissertation, receiving the degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences. His professional career began at his native institute, where he worked first as an engineer, then as an assistant and associate professor.
In the CPSU
During the same period, Chubais became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He gains a large number of like-minded people who form an informal democratic circle around the hero of our article. Leningraders become its members, for whom Anatoly Borisovich himself begins to organize seminars on economics.
The ultimate goal of all these meetings is to promote democratic ideas among the broadest masses of the intelligentsia. It was at one of these seminars that the hero of our article meets his future comrade-in-arms in leading the country, Yegor Gaidar.
Political career
The political career of Anatoly Borisovich Chubais actively began in the late 80s, when he founded a club under the name “Perestroika”, which was relevant for that time. Many well-known economists of that time became its members, who soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union would occupy key positions in the state; they would also be called “young reformers.”
Active and educated youth, who constantly suggest how to improve life in the country, attracted the attention of the top officials of Leningrad. After Anatoly Sobchak, the chairman of the Leningrad City Council, won the election, Chubais was appointed his deputy, as the leader of the modern democratic movement. His ideas and political attitude appeal to the leadership of the entire region.
In 1991, Chubais was offered the post of chief adviser on economic development at the Leningrad mayor's office. Soon after this, he creates a working group that begins discussing a strategy for the economic development of the entire country. By the end of the same year, he became the head of the State Committee for State Property Management, and in 1992 received the portfolio of Deputy Prime Minister in Yeltsin’s team.
Privatization campaign
In his new position, Chubais gathers around himself a team of economists, with whom he develops a privatization program. As a result of this massive campaign, 130,000 state-owned enterprises are being transferred into private hands. How privatization was carried out, how honestly and rationally, is still being discussed by experts. Moreover, the majority gives Chubais’ team an unsatisfactory assessment, but at that time this did not prevent the politician from continuing to move up the career ladder.
In 1993, Chubais won elections to the State Duma from the Russia's Choice party, became first deputy prime minister, and headed the Federal Commission for Securities and the Stock Market.
Second term
In 1996, the politician took an active part in organizing the election campaign of Boris Yeltsin, who was running for a second presidential term. For this purpose, the Civil Society Foundation was created. With its help, the rating of the head of state can be significantly increased, leading to a final victory in the second round.
Yeltsin appreciated the help of the hero of our article, appointing him to lead his administration, and a few months later he awarded the rank of first-class advisor.
Administration of the President
It is generally accepted that Chubais’s main achievement as head of the presidential administration is that he, together with his supporters, achieved the removal of Alexander Lebed from the post of Secretary of the Security Council. This happened just two months after the appointment of the general who finished third in the presidential election. It is believed that the post was a thank you to Yeltsin, as Lebed urged his supporters to vote for Boris Nikolayevich.
In 1997, Chubais returned to the post of First Deputy Prime Minister, simultaneously becoming Minister of Finance. But he fails to hold on to these posts for long. In the spring of 1998, he resigns along with the entire cabinet of Viktor Chernomyrdin.
Work in state corporations
In the same year, Chubais became the head of the board of RAO UES of Russia. In this post, he begins to carry out large-scale reforms, which provide for a complete restructuring of all structures of the holding entrusted to him. He decides to transfer most of the shares to private investors. These decisions found many opponents, who even began to call Chubais the worst manager in Russia.
In 2008, the energy company was liquidated, and Chubais was appointed general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation state corporation. In 2011, under his leadership, the company was reorganized into a joint-stock company, and soon it became the leading innovative enterprise in the country.
Personal life
The politician’s personal life turned out to be eventful. He got married for the first time while a student. His chosen one was Lyudmila, who bore him two children - Olga and Alexei. They followed in their father's footsteps, becoming professional economists.
In the early 90s, the hero of our article divorces Lyudmila and marries a second time. During his rapid career growth in modern Russia, he is accompanied by economist Maria Vishnevskaya, but this marriage also broke up.
TV presenter and screenwriter Avdotya Smirnova becomes the politician’s third wife. This marriage, which he entered into after 50 years, was received ambiguously by society; the new wife was fourteen years younger than her husband.
For Avdotya, this marriage became the second. From 1989 to 1996 she was married to St. Petersburg art critic Arkady Ippolitov, with whom she gave birth to a son, Danila, in 1990. He studied at the Zenit football school and became the world champion in beach soccer as part of the Russian national team. At the moment, he has finished his sports career, works as a producer, having received a diploma from the University of Film and Television.
Chubais and Smirnova have been married since 2012.
Income
According to the latest income declarations, Chubais earns more than 200 million rubles a year, his wife is several times less.
At the same time, they own two apartments in Moscow, one in St. Petersburg, and an apartment in Portugal with an area of 133 square meters. The family's fleet consists of two BMW cars and a Yamaha snowmobile.
Where is Anatoly Chubais now? Public Joint Stock Company "Rusnano" is the organization in which the hero of our article works. Currently Anatoly Chubais holds the post of Chairman of the Board.
Assassination
In 2005, an attempt was made on the politician's life. As his car was traveling to the Moscow region, a bomb was detonated, and the cars of the motorcade in which the hero of our article was traveling were fired upon. Chubais was not injured. Three people became suspects in the case: retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov, paratroopers Robert Yashin and Alexander Naydenov.
Kvachkov began to engage in politics in prison, declaring that the assassination attempt on Chubais was one of the forms of the national liberation war. At the same time, he repeatedly stated that his involvement in the assassination attempt had not been proven.
The criminal case was considered by a jury, which acquitted all three suspects. However, the Supreme Court later overturned this decision, remanding the case for a new trial. A new suspect has also emerged - lawyer and writer Ivan Mironov. In August 2010, the jury again acquitted the suspects, and almost half of the jurors rendered a verdict according to which the attempt on Chubais’s life in 2005 was just an imitation.
Political Views
Chubais is considered a politician who believes that the only way for Russia to develop is capitalism.
At the beginning of 2000, he was a member of the Union of Right Forces party. He was even chosen as co-chairman, and in 2004 he resigned from this post. He returned to the leadership of the party after the defeat of the Union of Right Forces in the State Duma elections in 2007. Then the Union of Right Forces took eighth place out of 11 voting participants, failing to gain even one percent of the votes.
He advocates that subsidiaries be created at every higher education institution in the country. Since May 2010, he has headed the board of trustees of the Yegor Gaidar Foundation.
However, he remains one of the most unpopular and often criticized politicians in the country. In the early 2000s, most Russians assessed his activities negatively. A clear indication of how people treat him is the fact that Kvachkov, who was accused of trying to kill Chubais, ran for the State Duma in a single-mandate constituency in 2005. In one of the districts of Moscow, he took second place, receiving 29% of the votes.
In 2008, Chubais’s activities were criticized by modern oppositionist Garry Kasparov. In his opinion, the liberal reformers of the early 90s failed to develop the achievements of perestroika, but only buried them. The question is constantly raised about the responsibility of the hero of our article for the reforms carried out, about the possibility of his criminal prosecution. For example, one of the journalists approached President Vladimir Putin with this topic in 2013 during the Direct Line.
Anatoly Borisovich Chubais- former minister of finance, head of the presidential administration and first deputy prime minister. Chubais is a remarkable person in Russian politics. Many economic reforms are associated with his name, in particular global privatization in Russia, which Russians still view negatively today. Since 2008, Anatoly Chubais has been the general director of the state corporation Russian Nanotechnology Corporation, and since 2011, the chairman of the board of Rusnano OJSC.
Childhood and education of Anatoly Chubais
Father - Boris Matveevich Chubais(1918−2000) was a serviceman, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Since 1970, he taught at the Lvov Higher Military-Political School, and after retirement he taught Marxist-Leninist philosophy to students at the Leningrad Mining Institute.
Mother - Raisa Efimovna Segal(according to other sources, Raisa Khaimovna Sagal, 1918−2004) was an economist by profession and was involved in raising children.
Chubais is the real name of Anatoly Borisovich. The surname Chubais is of Latvian origin.
Anatoly was the second child in the family. His older brother - Igor Borisovich Chubais(b. 1947) - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy at RUDN University.
Anatoly’s childhood was filled with the hardships of life as children of military personnel, although, as his brother Igor said, Chubais’s father, a lieutenant colonel, had an above-average salary. “They never died of hunger and never lived in poverty,” said Igor Chubais in an interview with KP.
He began his studies in Odessa, where his father was then serving, then continued his studies in Lvov, and in the fifth grade, little Chubais went to school No. 188 with military-political education in Leningrad. As Anatoly Borisovich admitted, he hated his school.
Despite the fact that Anatoly Borisovich Chubais, as a child, often listened with interest to conversations between his father and brother about politics and philosophy, Chubais was more inclined towards the exact sciences, and therefore entered the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute. In 1977, Anatoly Borisovich Chubais graduated from the institute with honors. In 1983, Chubais became a candidate of economic sciences. Anatoly Chubais began his career at the same university, working first as an engineer, then as an assistant, and finally as an assistant professor.
Anatoly Chubais - career as a politician
Anatoly Chubais became a member of the CPSU in the late seventies, and in the mid-80s Anatoly Borisovich and his supporters created the informal club “Perestroika”, actively conducting economic seminars. Chubais was attracted to democratic ideas, which the future politician dreamed of disseminating among the broad masses. At these seminars, Anatoly Borisovich met Egor Gaidar. This acquaintance played a role in his future career as a politician.
The biography on Chubais’s website also notes that in 1979-1987 Anatoly was the leader of “an informal circle of ‘young economists’, which was created by a group of graduates of economic universities in the city.”
In 1991, Anatoly Chubais was offered the position of chief economic development adviser at the Leningrad mayor's office. Anatoly Borisovich created a working group to create an economic strategy for the development of the Russian economy. Further, the career of Anatoly Chubais developed rapidly during an extremely difficult period in Russian history. In November of the same year, Chubais became the head of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management, and in 1992 he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Russia under the President Boris Yeltsin.
In 1993, Anatoly Chubais became a State Duma deputy from the Russia's Choice party.
As Deputy Prime Minister, Anatoly Chubais and his team developed the famous privatization program. As a result, 130 thousand state-owned enterprises ended up in private hands. Despite the fact that it is recognized by society as unsatisfactory (on December 9, 1994, the State Duma adopted a resolution in which it described the results of privatization as unsatisfactory, says Wikipedia) and still causes a lot of criticism, this did not prevent Chubais from making a career and occupying increasingly significant positions. posts in the political arena.
In the photo: Moscow. At the press conference of the Chairman of the State Property Committee of Russia Anatoly Chubais on the topic “People’s privatization: shares, checks” (Photo: Valentina Soboleva / TASS)
However, Anatoly Chubais was convinced that the transfer of control over enterprises with hundreds of thousands of workers to the oligarchs helped them acquire administrative resources, which prevented the victory of the opposition Communist Party in the 1996 presidential elections: “If we had not carried out mortgage privatization, the communists would have won the elections in 1996 “,” Chubais admitted in an interview with the Financial Times in 2004.
However, the voucher, which, according to Anatoly Chubais, had the price of “two cars,” was rapidly depreciating in value. Speculation in vouchers began in the country, and people sold them for next to nothing, as they were completely impoverished. Chubais himself later wrote in a book about the importance of the “propaganda component” in the privatization story.
In 1996, Anatoly Borisovich headed the election campaign of Boris Yeltsin. The company was successful, and Yeltsin appointed Chubais as head of the presidential administration, and a few months later he awarded the rank of 1st Class Actual State Advisor of the Russian Federation.
In the photo: Russian President Boris Yeltsin (right) and head of the Russian Presidential Administration Anatoly Chubais (left) before the meeting at the central clinical hospital, where Boris Yeltsin is undergoing examination (Photo: TASS)
During 1997−1998, Anatoly Chubais served as Minister of Finance in the government Viktor Chernomyrdin, but then resigned together with the Cabinet of Ministers. Chubais's biography on his website emphasizes that in 1997 he was "recognized as the best finance minister of the year by Euromoney magazine."
In 1998, Anatoly Chubais was elected head of the board of RAO UES of Russia. And again Anatoly Borisovich started a reform - he considered it possible to restructure all the holding’s enterprises and transfer most of their shares to private investors.
In 2017, the former head of RAO UES of Russia, Anatoly Chubais, said at the Eastern Economic Forum that the reserve of energy capacity would be exhausted by 2023-2024.
“The removal of obsolete capacities is a fundamental task of the electric power complex, while there is a possibility for this, because the reserve will end by 2023-2024. It is necessary... to sharpen completely new mechanisms of contracts for the supply of power for global modernization, for which, God bless, we have another 5-7 years, in order to properly use the reserve of capacity that the energy reform created,” Chubais was quoted as saying in the news.
The UES of Russia company was liquidated in 2008, and Anatoly Borisovich was appointed general director of the state-owned Russian Nanotechnology Corporation. In 2011, under the leadership of Chubais, the state company was reorganized and re-registered as an open joint-stock company, and also became the leading innovative company in the Russian Federation.
Anatoly Chubais combined work as an official with political activity, and participated in the creation of the election bloc “Russia’s Choice” and the “Union of Right Forces” party. On January 24, 2004, he resigned from the post of Co-Chairman of the Union of Right Forces party.
Assassination attempt on Anatoly Chubais
In 2005, an attempt was made on the life of Anatoly Chubais. A bomb was detonated along the route of Chubais's car, and the vehicles in the motorcade were also fired upon. But Anatoly Borisovich was not injured. A retired GRU colonel was detained in connection with the assassination attempt. Vladimir Kvachkov and paratroopers of the 45th Airborne Regiment Alexander Naydenov And Robert Yashin.
In 2008, the jury of the Moscow Regional Court returned a not guilty verdict to the accused. Then the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation overturned the acquittal and sent the case for a new trial. In October 2008, the case of Kvachkov, Yashin, Naydenov was merged with the case Ivan Mironov, detained in 2006 on charges of attempted murder.
On December 4, 2008, the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation satisfied the cassation appeal on the issue of illegal detention of Ivan Mironov. Mironov was released under a guarantee signed by State Duma deputies Ilyukhin, Komoyedov, Starodubtsev And Baburin. In the summer of 2010, a jury of the Moscow Regional Court finally acquitted three suspects.
Criticism of Anatoly Chubais
In 2009, after the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power plant accident, the commission investigating the disaster named Chubais among six senior Russian energy industry executives involved “in creating conditions conducive to the accident.”
The activities of Anatoly Chubais at the head of RAO UES and Rusnano, as well as the privatization he carried out, are very negatively perceived by the people. Chubais is one of the most unpopular politicians in Russian society. At the same time, some note his business qualities: efficiency, good organizational skills, energy.
According to the results of a 2006 VTsIOM opinion poll, 77% of Russians did not trust Chubais. In a 2000 FOM survey, Chubais was characterized as “a person acting to the detriment of Russia”, “a discrediter of reforms”, a “swindler”, etc.
Anatoly Wasserman noted that “Chubais heads one of the state corporations, whose regular failures do not in any way affect the state of the country as a whole. So he was taken to a safe place for others.”
In the photo: Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia Anatoly Chubais (in the center) at the starting panel of the first power unit of the Kaliningrad CHPP-2 (Photo: Fedor Savintsev / TASS)
The activities of Anatoly Chubais continually raise questions among deputies. In 2014, a request was sent to Prosecutor General Yuri Chaika to investigate the activities of the state corporation Rusnano by the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes Oksana Dmitrieva, in her opinion, the activities of the head of Rusnano and other managers of the state corporation for the development of nanotechnology have signs of at least nine elements of crime.
Later in the news it was reported that the financial director and members of the board of the state corporation Rusnano were brought in as suspects in a criminal case on suspicion of misappropriation and embezzlement, as well as abuse of power.
In the summer of 2015, Free Press reported that the former head of the state corporation Rusnanotech, which was later transformed into OJSC Rusnano, Leonid Melamed was arrested on suspicion of embezzlement of more than 300 million rubles. An associate of Anatoly Chubais is suspected of committing a crime under Part 3 of Article 33 of Part 4 of Article 160 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“Organization of major embezzlement”). On July 10, the head of Rusnano, Anatoly Chubais, testified about this case to the Investigative Committee of Russia.
In the photo: Chairman of the Board of Management Company Rusnano LLC Anatoly Chubais (in the center), summoned to testify in the case of the former head of Rusnano Leonid Melamed, at the Cheryomushkinsky court. L. Melamed is accused of embezzlement of 220 million rubles (Photo: Sergey Savostyanov /TASS)
Entrepreneur Dmitry Lerner wrote an appeal to the RF IC addressed to the head of the department Alexandra Bastrykina, demanding that a case be opened against Chubais as well.
Chubais’s statement in December 2015 that they simply have “a lot of money” caused a lot of noise. “The first thing I wanted to say is: we have a lot of money! There are quite a lot of them. That is why we have the opportunity not only to “handle” a lot of money, but also to invest it in our long-term strategy! It completely solved all the problems, including the problem of potential financial failure,” Chubais said at a New Year’s corporate party, and this speech made the news in most media and caused a sharp reaction in society.
Then the news reported that a commentary published on the state corporation’s website said that members of the boards of the Rusnano Foundation for Infrastructure and Educational Programs decided to pay for a pre-New Year event for the group’s employees from personal funds. The total cost was 2 million 238 thousand rubles, and a total of 415 people attended the event. Nevertheless, it became known that the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation is conducting an audit of the expenditure of Rusnano funds raised under state guarantees in the period from 2010 to 2015.
Deputy Prime Minister for Social Policy Olga Golodets invited the head of Rusnano, Anatoly Chubais, who at a corporate party announced that the corporation had a large amount of money, to donate funds to those who need them.
In March 2016, information appeared in the media that the head of Rusnano was asking for 89 billion rubles to be allocated from the National Welfare Fund (NWF) to launch a Russian-Indian fund worth $2 billion. Press secretary of the head of state Dmitry Peskov then stated that he knew nothing about this request from Chubais. But the head of Rusnano confirmed that he had indeed approached the Russian authorities with a request to allocate 89 billion rubles to the state company. with the aim of establishing a Russian-Indian fund.
In March 2017, Chubais complained on social networks about harassment by his former manager Ilya Suchkov and other persons, and announced his appeal to the police in this regard. “I hate legal squabbles, but in the end I decided to file a statement with the police to initiate a criminal case against Ilya Suchkov and a group of comrades of Chechen nationality working for him for extortion and slander. Ilya was once a hired manager of my company, but then I sold it to him,” Anatoly Chubais was quoted as saying in the news.
Statements by Anatoly Chubais
Quotes from Anatoly Chubais certainly deserve attention, in addition to the phrase that has become a meme: “We have a lot of money! There are quite a lot of them.” Anatoly Borisovich often openly explained the motives for his activities.
“Privatization in Russia until 1997 was not an economic process at all. She solved the main task - to stop communism. We solved this problem."
"I'm a normal person. I understand it’s hard to believe, but believe me.”
“If you are an associate professor, professor, head of a department in a specialized area and you don’t have your own business, why the hell do I need you at all?”
“I re-read Dostoevsky. And I feel almost physical hatred for this man. He is, of course, a genius, but his idea of Russians as a chosen, holy people, his cult of suffering and the false choice that he offers make me want to tear him to pieces,” AiF quotes Chubais.
“I have an atypical attitude towards Soviet power. Moreover, I think it will cause quite a sharp negative reaction. The fact is that I hate Soviet power. Moreover, I hate few things in life as much as the Soviet regime. And especially its late stage. “In my life, nothing more disgusting than the late Soviet regime has happened,” Chubais said in an interview.
In January 2017, Anatoly Chubais, having visited the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, spoke of the horror of the approaching global political catastrophe: “The most accurate description of the current Davos is a feeling of horror from a global political catastrophe. Moreover, note that nothing catastrophic is happening in the economy, the global economy grew last year, growth is expected in 2017,” he said. Chubais noted that the degree of horror among forum participants now, in 2017, is equal to the degree of horror in 2009, when the global financial crisis was unfolding. As the head of Rusnano stated, against the backdrop of the upcoming inauguration of the elected US President Donald Trump“all this is expressed in formulas: the world built after the Second World War is collapsing, it no longer exists.”
Income of Anatoly Chubais
In 2010, Anatoly Chubais reported that in 2009 his income amounted to 202.6 million rubles, and his then wife Maria Vishnevskaya— 21.9 million rubles. Moreover, Chubais spent part of this money - about 12.8 million rubles - on charity.
The official also declared an apartment in Moscow with an area of 175.8 square meters. meters and two parking spaces of 30.6 sq. meters. The common property of Chubais and his wife Maria Vishnevskaya also includes a plot of land (1.5 hectares) in the Moscow region, where buildings with a total area of more than 2 thousand square meters are located. meters. The head of Rusnano and his wife also own a BMW X5 SUV, a BMW 530 XI car, a Yamaha snowmobile and a trailer.
Personal life and hobbies of Anatoly Chubais
Anatoly Borisovich Chubais was married three times. From the first wife - Lyudmila, whom he married while still a student - he has two children: a son Alexei and daughter Olga. In the early 90s, Anatoly Borisovich married for the second time to Maria Vishnevskaya. In 2012, the couple separated. The third wife of Anatoly Chubais was a famous TV presenter, screenwriter and director. Avdotya Smirnova. Chubais and Smirnova got married in 2012. Chubais's third wife wrote scripts for films Alexey Uchitel, as a director, made her debut with the film “Communication” in 2006. Then Smirnova made the films “Two Days” and “Kokoko”. From 2002 to 2014 Avdotya Smirnova together with Tatiana Tolstoy hosted the talk show “School of Scandal” on NTV and Kultura channels.
In the photo: Anatoly Chubais with his wife Maria Vishnevskaya / Director Avdotya Smirnova and her husband, Chairman of the Board of RUSNANO OJSC Anatoly Chubais (Photo: Anatoly Rukhadze / Valery Matytsin / TASS)
Anatoly Borisovich loves to travel, ski, and enjoys water tourism. Chubais also loves to drive. In 2014, the Chairman of the Board of Rusnano, Anatoly Chubais, underwent surgery in one of the Moscow clinics to repair damage to his wrists. According to the LifeNews portal, Chubais received injuries during an expedition through the mountainous part of Jordan. Local doctors put him in a cast, but upon returning to the capital, the head of Rusnano began to suffer severe pain, and he was forced to turn to doctors again.
Among Anatoly Borisovich’s musical interests are the Beatles, Bulat Okudzhava And Vladimir Vysotsky.
Anatoly Borisovich Chubais. Born on June 16, 1955 in Borisov, Minsk region. Soviet and Russian political and economic figure.
Since 2008, General Director of the state corporation "Russian Nanotechnology Corporation". Since 2011, Chairman of the Board of JSC Rusnano.
Since November 1991, Anatoly Chubais, with short breaks, has held various key positions in the Russian state and state companies, and is actively involved in the socio-political life of Russia.
He was one of the ideologists and leaders of economic reforms in Russia in the 1990s and the reform of the Russian electric power system in the 2000s.
Went to secondary school No. 38 in Odessa in 1962. Later he lived and studied in Lviv. In 1967, the family moved to Leningrad. Anatoly is going to fifth grade at school No. 188 on Okhta.
In his own words, he studied at a school with a military-patriotic education. In a 2012 interview, he admitted that he “hated my school.” My friends and I tried to dismantle the school building into pieces and set it on fire, but managed to “tear off only one step on the porch and a seagull welded on a military-patriotic monument.”
In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI) with a degree in economics and organization of mechanical engineering production.
In 1983 he defended his PhD thesis in economics on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”
In 2002, he graduated from the Faculty of Advanced Training of Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the field of “Problems of Modern Energy”. Final work on the topic: “Prospects for the development of hydropower in Russia.”
In 1977-1982 - engineer, assistant, associate professor at the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after. Palmiro Tolyatti.
In 1980 he joined the CPSU (according to other sources - in 1977).
In 1987 he participated in the founding of the Leningrad club “Perestroika”. In the mid-1980s, he was the leader of an informal circle of democratically minded economists in Leningrad, created by a group of graduates of economic universities in the city.
In 1990, deputy, then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, chief economic adviser to the mayor of Leningrad Anatoly Sobchak.
In March 1990, Chubais and a group of supporters proposed to Mikhail Gorbachev a project for market reforms, which included the option of forcibly restricting political and civil freedoms (freedom of speech, the right to strike, etc.).
According to some sources, after the events of August 19-21, 1991, Chubais left the CPSU. According to others, he was expelled from the CPSU on April 10, 1990 for participating in the activities of the Democratic Platform.
In 1994, Anatoly Chubais became the founder of the Democratic Choice of Russia (DVR) party based on the Choice of Russia (VR) bloc.
Since September 2011, he has been the head of the Department of Technological Entrepreneurship at MIPT.
Since November 10, 1991 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management - Minister of the RSFSR.
On June 1, 1992, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for economic and financial policy.
Under the leadership of Chubais, a privatization program was developed and its technical preparation was carried out. In addition to the law “On the privatization of state and municipal enterprises in the RSFSR” of 1991 with the participation of acting. O. Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar and Chubais in 1992 issued a decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin “On accelerating the privatization of state and municipal enterprises,” which led to the creation of a state privatization program and gave rise to reform.
On July 31, 1992, Chubais, by order No. 141, created the “Department of Technical Assistance and Expertise,” which employed American economic advisers. The head of the department, Jonathan Hay, according to the former chairman of the State Property Committee Vladimir Polevanov, was a CIA employee. In 2004, a trial began against Jonathan Hay and Andrei Shleifer in the United States on charges of fraud and financial abuse of wasting American taxpayers' money. Polevanov noted regarding the activities of Chubais’s advisers: “Having picked up the documents, I was horrified to discover that a number of the largest military-industrial complex enterprises had been bought up by foreigners for next to nothing. That is, factories and design bureaus that produced top-secret products are out of our control. The same Jonathan Hay, with the help of Chubais, bought a 30% stake in the Moscow Electrode Plant and the Graphite Research Institute, which operated in cooperation with it, the country’s only developer of graphite coatings for stealth aircraft. After which Hay blocked the order of the military space forces for the production of high technologies.”
Later, in November 2004, in an interview with The Financial Times, Chubais said that privatization in Russia was carried out solely for the purpose of a struggle for power against the “communist leaders”: “We needed to get rid of them, but we didn’t have time for that.” . The count was not for months, but for days.” Chubais also believes it was correct to hold loans-for-shares auctions when, as the newspaper writes, “the most valuable and largest Russian assets were transferred to a group of tycoons in exchange for loans and support for the then seriously ill Yeltsin in the 1996 elections.” According to Chubais, the transfer of control over enterprises with hundreds of thousands of workers to the oligarchs helped them acquire administrative resources, which prevented the victory of the opposition Communist Party in the 1996 presidential elections: “If we had not carried out mortgage privatization, the Communists would have won the elections in 1996.”
Chubais’s promise in 1992 is widely known that subsequently one voucher would be equal in value to two cars. Later in society this promise began to be perceived as a deception. In his book in 1999, he wrote that propaganda support was important for the initiators of privatization at that moment: “it was necessary not only to come up with effective schemes, write good regulatory documents, but also to convince the Duma of the need to adopt these documents, and most importantly, to convince 150 millions of people get up from their seats, leave their apartment, get a voucher, and then invest it meaningfully! Of course, the propaganda component was fantastically important.”
In Russia, about 130 thousand enterprises were privatized in 1991-1997; thanks to the voucher system and loans-for-shares auctions, a significant part of large state assets ended up in the hands of a narrow group of individuals (“oligarchs”). By purchasing vouchers for next to nothing from the impoverished population under the conditions of reforms and crisis (liberalization of prices and non-payment of wages), lost savings and ill-informed population, redistribution through financial pyramids, and the implementation of corrupt loan-for-shares auction schemes, large state property was concentrated with the “oligarchs.” Chubais was subsequently called the founder of oligarchic capitalism in Russia.
The privatization program outlined 7 main goals: the formation of a layer of private owners; increasing the efficiency of enterprises; social protection of the population and development of social infrastructure using funds from privatization; assistance in stabilizing the country's financial situation; promoting demonopolization and creating a competitive environment; attracting foreign investment; creating conditions for expanding the scale of privatization. When he was the head of the State Property Committee, V. Polevanov, having analyzed the results of privatization in a document addressed to the Prime Minister, concluded that of the seven privatization goals, only the seventh and formally the first were fully realized, while the rest were failed. Although formally there were several tens of millions of shareholders in Russia, only a small part of them actually controlled property; the desire for demonopolization at any cost led to the destruction of many technological chains and contributed to the deepening of the economic recession; foreign investment not only did not increase, but also decreased, and those that did arrive were directed mainly to the primary industries.
On December 9, 1994, the State Duma adopted a resolution in which it described the results of privatization as unsatisfactory.
In general, the Russian population has a negative attitude towards the results of privatization. As data from several sociological surveys show, about 80% of Russians consider it illegitimate and are in favor of a complete or partial revision of its results. About 90% of Russians are of the opinion that privatization was carried out dishonestly and large fortunes were acquired through dishonest means (72% of entrepreneurs also agree with this point of view). As researchers note, Russian society has developed a stable, “almost consensus” rejection of privatization and the large private property formed on its basis.
On December 23, 1992, Chubais was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management.
In June 1993, Chubais took part in the creation of the “Choice of Russia” election bloc. In December 1993, he was elected to the State Duma from the electoral association “Choice of Russia”.
On January 20, 1994, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, retaining the post of Chairman of the State Property Committee.
From November 5, 1994 - January 16, 1996 - First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation for Economic and Financial Policy, Head of the Federal Commission for Securities and the Stock Market.
In 1995-1997 - member of the Foreign Policy Council under the President of the Russian Federation. From April 1995 to February 1996 - manager from Russia in international financial organizations.
In January 1996, he resigned from the post of Deputy Prime Minister after the defeat of the pro-government party “Our Home is Russia” in the elections to the State Duma of the 2nd convocation. Yeltsin said: “That the party got 10% of the votes is Chubais! If it weren’t for Chubais, it would be 20%!” In the program “Dolls” (written by Viktor Shenderovich), these words of Yeltsin were conveyed as “Chubais is to blame for everything!”; this formulation has become a very popular expression. The Presidential Decree of January 16, 1996 noted Chubais’s low demands on subordinate federal structures, as well as the failure to fulfill a number of instructions from the President of the Russian Federation.
Soon after resigning from the post of Deputy Prime Minister, Chubais headed Yeltsin's election headquarters.
In February 1996, he created the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of B. N. Yeltsin’s election headquarters began to work. As a result of the group’s work, Yeltsin’s rating began to grow and, as a result, in the second round of the presidential elections on July 3, 1996, he received 53.82% of the votes.
In June 1996, he created the Center for the Protection of Private Property Foundation.
In the 1996 presidential campaign, he was involved in the “copier box case,” when on the night of June 19-20, 1996, members of Boris Yeltsin’s election headquarters, headed by Chubais, Arkady Evstafiev and Sergei Lisovsky were detained while trying to take them out of the White House box containing $538,000 in cash. However, after interrogation they were released, and the initiators of their detention - head of the presidential security service Alexander Korzhakov, FSB director Mikhail Barsukov and First Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets - were dismissed.
Yeltsin’s daughter Tatyana Dyachenko, who was part of the election headquarters, recalled in December 2009 that Chubais played an important role in carrying Yeltsin to a second presidential term: “When at the beginning of 1996 it became obvious to everyone that the election headquarters, which was headed by the Deputy Prime Minister government Oleg Soskovets is failing his job, Anatoly Chubais convinced the pope of the need to create a new, informal headquarters, which was called an analytical group.”
On July 15, 1996, he was appointed head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. In 1996, he was awarded the qualification category Actual State Advisor of the Russian Federation, 1st class.
On March 7, 1997, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, and from March 17, at the same time, Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.
On November 20, 1997, he was relieved of his post as Minister of Finance, retaining the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government. In 1997, five leading reformers from the Government and the Presidential Administration received an advance of $90 thousand each from a publishing company for the not yet written book “The History of Russian Privatization.” The story was publicized as a “writing affair.” The authors of this book included A. Chubais, who at that time held the positions of First Deputy Chairman of the Government and Minister of Finance. In connection with the accusations, President Boris Yeltsin removed him from the post of Minister of Finance, however, the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government was retained by him. See The Writers' Case (1997).
In 1997, based on an expert survey of the world's leading financiers, he was named the best finance minister of the year by the British magazine Euromoney (with the wording “for his contribution to the successful development of his country’s economy”).
In April 1997, he was appointed manager for the Russian Federation at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
May 1997 - May 1998 - member of the Russian Security Council.
March 23, 1998 - together with Chernomyrdin’s entire cabinet, he was dismissed and relieved of his post as First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government.
From April 1998 to July 2008, he headed RAO UES of Russia. On April 4, 1998, at an extraordinary meeting of shareholders of RAO UES of Russia, he was elected to the company’s Board of Directors. On April 30, 1998, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia.
Since 2000, Chubais has been mentioned in the media as the initiator and one of the developers of the concept of restructuring RAO UES. The reform provided for the withdrawal of power plants, power lines, and electricity sales organizations from the holding structure and the subsequent sale of most of their shares to private investors. Chubais indicated that this was the only opportunity to obtain funds for the modernization of the Russian electricity sector.
After a large-scale power grid failure in Russia in 2005, he was questioned by the prosecutor's office as a witness; the Rodina and Yabloko parties demanded his resignation.
A member of the board of directors of RAO UES, Boris Fedorov, said in 2000 that the restructuring of RAO is being carried out in the interests of the company’s management, as well as affiliated oligarchic and political structures, calling Chubais “the worst manager in Russia, who is trying to become a major oligarch at the expense of the state and shareholders.”
On July 1, 2008, RAO UES was liquidated, the unified energy complex was fragmented into many companies involved in generation, maintenance of electrical networks, and energy sales.
Chubais himself assesses the results of the reform of the energy industry as follows: “The approved program provides for a volume of capacity commissioning in 2006-2010 that was unattainable in Soviet times - 41 thousand megawatts. In 2010 alone we will introduce 22 thousand. At the same time, the maximum volume of annual commissioning in the USSR was 9 thousand megawatts.”
On October 3, 2009, the Rostekhnadzor commission investigating the causes of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station named A. Chubais among six senior executives of the Russian energy industry involved “in creating conditions conducive to the occurrence of the accident.” The Act of Technical Investigation of the Causes of the Disaster states in particular that the ex-chairman of the board of RAO UES of Russia, Anatoly Chubais, “approved the act of the Central Commission for the acceptance into operation of the Sayano-Shushenskoye hydropower complex. At the same time, a proper assessment was not given of the actual safety state of the SSHPP.” The commission’s conclusion also states that “subsequently, measures for the safe operation of the SSHHPP were not developed and implemented (including the decision “to begin work on the construction of an additional spillway at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP as soon as possible”; the impellers were not replaced on hydraulic units, a program of compensating measures has not been developed for the safe operation of hydraulic units involved in power regulation and, therefore, having increased wear).” Anatoly Chubais himself did not deny his share of guilt in the accident.
June 17 - August 28, 1998 - Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for relations with international financial organizations. The media published information that Chubais managed to obtain a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
From May 14 to 17, 1998, he took part in a meeting of the Bilderberg Club in Turnbury (Scotland).
In February 2000, at a meeting of the Government Commission of the Russian Federation on Cooperation with the European Union, he was appointed co-chairman of the Round Table of Industrialists of Russia and the EU on the Russian side.
In July 2000, he became president of the CIS Electric Power Council. He was re-elected to this post in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
In October 2000, he was elected to the board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (Employers).
Since September 26, 2008, he has been a member of the international advisory board of J.P. Bank. Morgan & Co.
On September 22, 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree appointing Chubais as general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation state corporation. Just two years later, on June 16, 2010, he received the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree, for “many years of conscientious work...” (see in the “Awards” section).
Since 2010 - member of the Skolkovo Foundation Board.
In July 2010, the State Duma adopted a law reorganizing the state corporation Rusnano into an open joint-stock company (OJSC), 100 percent of the shares of which were to become state property. In the same month, the law was approved by the Federation Council, after which the decree on the reorganization of the Civil Code was signed by President Medvedev.
In December 2010, by order of the Prime Minister, the state corporation Rusnano was transformed into OJSC Rusnano (registered in March 2011).
In 2011, Chubais was elected chairman of the board of Rusnano OJSC in connection with the transformation from the State Corporation to the OJSC.
On October 12, 2012, Anatoly Chubais joined the advisory board of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), one of the most authoritative US research centers engaged in analyzing and forecasting the socio-economic situation in the world.
In April 2013, the auditor of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, Sergei Agaptsov, stated that during the audit of Rusnano a large number of violations were identified. The buried program for the development of domestic tablet devices alone brought losses in the amount of 22 billion rubles. At the same time, the average salary of Rusnano managers was about 400,000 rubles. The Vedomosti newspaper writes about the deliberate fraudulent actions of the Rusnano management to siphon off money.
On January 20, 2014, the press service of Rusnano reported that the board of directors of the company plans to make a decision on January 28 on the early termination of the powers of the chairman of the board of the company A. B. Chubais and their transfer to the management company LLC Management Company RUSNANO, on the position of head of which was nominated by Anatoly Chubais.
Anatoly Chubais is one of the most unpopular statesmen in Russia. Thus, according to the results of a social poll by VTsIOM in December 2006, 77% of Russians did not trust Chubais. In a 2000 FOM poll, the overwhelming majority assessed Chubais’s actions negatively; he was characterized as “a person acting to the detriment of Russia,” “a discrediter of reforms,” a “thief,” and a “swindler.” The respondents also negatively characterized his work at the head of RAO UES: “it is very cruel to leave children without electricity: hospitals, kindergartens, schools,” “he turns off the electricity - children die in the maternity hospital.” At the same time, a small part of the respondents noted his business qualities: efficiency, good organizational skills, energy. In a Romir survey in August 1999, Chubais was named one of those whose political and economic activities cause the greatest harm to the country. 29% of voters (44 thousand people) in the 199th electoral district of Moscow voted for the officer Vladimir Kvachkov, who was running for the State Duma, accused of organizing the assassination attempt on Chubais.
In 2008, opposition politician Garry Kasparov was very critical of Chubais. Kasparov, in particular, stated: “The “liberal reformers” did not develop the achievements of perestroika, but, on the contrary, buried them,” “Chubais is definitely not lying about one thing - he and his comrades did not lose the country. This country lost”, “the liberals of the 90s do not like their people and are afraid of them.” According to Kasparov, the “deprivations of the early 90s” were in vain.
In 2013, during the “Direct Line” of Russian President V.V. Putin, Perm journalist Sergei Malenko asked a question regarding Chubais’s responsibility for the reforms and the possibility of criminal prosecution.
On March 17, 2005, an attempt was made on Chubais. At the exit from the village of Zhavoronki, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, a bomb was detonated on the route of Chubais’s car, and in addition, the vehicles of the motorcade were fired upon. Chubais was not injured. Three people were detained in connection with the assassination attempt: retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and paratroopers of the 45th Airborne Regiment Alexander Naydenov and Robert Yashin.
In the spring of 2006, the case of the assassination attempt on the head of RAO UES was brought to court. The defendants in the case of the attempt on Chubais demanded that it be tried by a jury. The selection of the panel was repeatedly postponed by the court due to the failure of a sufficient number of candidates to appear, as well as due to the illness of defense lawyers; representatives of the injured party filed a motion to dissolve the selected panel due to its bias (“the majority of the jurors are pensioners who will not be able to objectively consider the case”). On October 9, the lawyer of the defendant Kvachkov, Oksana Mikhalkina, reported that her client was removed from the courtroom and suspended from participating in the trial until the end of the hearing due to violations.
On June 5, 2008, the jury of the Moscow Regional Court returned a not guilty verdict. The guilt of the defendants has not been proven. All defendants - retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and retired airborne troops Alexander Naydenov and Robert Yashin - were acquitted. On June 6, 2008, the Moscow City Court extended the arrest period of Ivan Mironov, against whom a separate criminal case was opened for this attempt, for another 3 months, and on August 27 it extended the period until November 11.
On August 26, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation overturned the acquittal in the case of the assassination attempt on the head of RAO UES of Russia A. Chubais. Thus, the court granted the request of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation and sent the case for a new trial.
On October 13, 2008, the Moscow Regional Court held regular hearings in the case of Kvachkov, Yashin, Naydenov and in the case of Ivan Mironov. During the hearings, it was decided to combine the cases into one.
On December 4, 2008, the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation satisfied the cassation appeal on the issue of illegal detention of Ivan Mironov. Ivan Mironov was released under a guarantee signed by State Duma deputies Ilyukhin, Komoedov, Starodubtsev and the leader of the People's Union party Baburin.
On August 20, 2010, the jury of the Moscow Regional Court finally acquitted the three suspects. At the same time, to the question “Has it been proven that on March 17, 2005, an explosion was carried out on the Minsk highway with the aim of ending the life of the Chairman of RAO UES of Russia A. B. Chubais?” the jury responded, “Yes. Proven” in the following proportion: seven out of twelve jurors - the crime was proven; five - there was no crime (there was an imitation of an attempt).
Family of Anatoly Chubais:
Father - Boris Matveevich Chubais (February 15, 1918 - October 9, 2000) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, retired colonel. In the late 1960s - early 1970s he taught at the Lviv Higher Military-Political School. After retirement, he taught Marxism-Leninism at the Leningrad Mining Institute.
Brother - Igor Borisovich Chubais (b. April 26, 1947) - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the RUDN University. I have been boxing since childhood.
First wife - Lyudmila. Son Alexey and daughter Olga.
Second wife (since 1990) - Vishnevskaya, Maria Davydovna.
Third wife (since 2012) - director Avdotya Smirnova.
